Agent skill

web3-security

Guide for Web3 and blockchain security research including smart contract auditing, DeFi vulnerabilities, and blockchain gaming security. Use this skill when working with Solidity, smart contract analysis, or blockchain-based game security.

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SKILL.md

Web3 & Blockchain Security

Overview

This skill covers Web3 security resources from the awesome-game-security collection, focusing on smart contract security, DeFi vulnerabilities, and blockchain gaming.

Smart Contract Security

Common Vulnerabilities

- Reentrancy attacks
- Integer overflow/underflow
- Access control flaws
- Front-running
- Flash loan attacks
- Oracle manipulation
- Timestamp dependence
- Unchecked external calls

Reentrancy Example

solidity
// Vulnerable
function withdraw(uint amount) public {
    require(balances[msg.sender] >= amount);
    (bool success, ) = msg.sender.call{value: amount}("");
    require(success);
    balances[msg.sender] -= amount;  // State change after external call
}

// Fixed
function withdraw(uint amount) public {
    require(balances[msg.sender] >= amount);
    balances[msg.sender] -= amount;  // State change before external call
    (bool success, ) = msg.sender.call{value: amount}("");
    require(success);
}

Analysis Tools

Static Analyzers

  • Slither: Trail of Bits' static analyzer
  • Mythril: ConsenSys security tool
  • 4naly3er: Automated code analysis
  • Semgrep: Pattern-based scanning

Dynamic Analysis

  • Echidna: Property-based fuzzer
  • Manticore: Symbolic execution
  • Foundry: Testing framework with fuzzing
  • Ityfuzz: EVM fuzzer

Decompilers

  • ABI Decompiler: Recover contract ABI
  • EthIR: Bytecode analysis framework
  • Heimdall-rs: Bytecode analysis in Rust

Security Frameworks

OpenZeppelin

- Audited contract libraries
- Access control patterns
- Upgradeable contracts
- Security best practices

Development Tools

  • Foundry: Modern Solidity toolkit
  • Hardhat: Development environment
  • Truffle: Testing framework
  • Brownie: Python-based framework

DeFi Security

Attack Vectors

- Flash loan attacks
- Price oracle manipulation
- Liquidity pool attacks
- Governance attacks
- MEV extraction

Protection Mechanisms

- Time locks
- Multi-sig requirements
- Oracle diversification
- Rate limiting
- Circuit breakers

Blockchain Gaming Security

On-Chain Game Issues

- Randomness manipulation
- Front-running player actions
- Economic exploits
- NFT vulnerabilities
- Token inflation

Off-Chain Components

- API security
- Database integrity
- Asset verification
- Player identity

Audit Process

Pre-Audit Checklist

1. Complete code documentation
2. Test coverage report
3. Deployment configuration
4. Previous audit findings
5. Scope definition

Audit Methodology

1. Automated analysis (Slither, Mythril)
2. Manual code review
3. Business logic verification
4. Access control analysis
5. Economic model review
6. Integration testing

Post-Audit

1. Findings report
2. Severity classification
3. Remediation verification
4. Ongoing monitoring

Learning Resources

Practice Platforms

  • Damn Vulnerable DeFi: CTF challenges
  • Ethernaut: OpenZeppelin's wargame
  • DeFiHackLabs: Reproduce real hacks
  • DeFiVulnLabs: Learn vulnerabilities

Research

  • Rekt News: Hack postmortems
  • Trail of Bits Blog: Security research
  • Consensys Blog: Best practices
  • SlowMist: Security reports

Security Standards

EIP Standards

  • EIP-20: Token standard
  • EIP-721: NFT standard
  • EIP-1155: Multi-token standard
  • EIP-2535: Diamond standard

Audit Standards

  • Smart Contract Security Verification Standard (SCSVS)
  • Wallet Security Verification Standard

MEV (Miner Extractable Value)

Concepts

- Transaction ordering
- Sandwich attacks
- Arbitrage extraction
- Liquidation frontrunning

Protection

  • Flashbots RPC
  • Private transactions
  • Commit-reveal schemes
  • Time-weighted pricing

Solana Security

Unique Considerations

- Account model vs UTXO
- Program-derived addresses
- Cross-program invocation
- Rent mechanism

Tools

  • Anchor framework
  • Trident fuzzer
  • Solana-specific analyzers

Move Language Security

Platforms

  • Aptos
  • Sui
  • Movement

Security Features

- Resource-oriented programming
- Linear types
- Built-in formal verification
- Ability-based access control

Report Writing

Severity Levels

Critical: Direct fund loss possible
High: Significant impact, complex exploit
Medium: Limited impact or difficult exploit
Low: Best practice violations
Informational: Gas optimizations, style

Finding Format

markdown
## [Severity] Finding Title

**Description**: What the issue is
**Impact**: Potential consequences  
**Location**: File and line numbers
**Recommendation**: How to fix
**Status**: Fixed/Acknowledged/Disputed

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