Video Production
Comprehensive guide for professional video production across all platforms.
Production Phases
The 3 Phases
Phase
Activities
Deliverables
Pre-Production
Planning, scripting, storyboarding
Script, shot list, schedule
Production
Filming, recording
Raw footage, audio
Post-Production
Editing, VFX, color, sound
Final deliverable
Pre-Production
Script Format
Copy SCENE 1 - INT. OFFICE - DAY
Wide shot of open office space. ALEX (30s) sits at desk.
ALEX
(looking at screen)
This is where the magic happens.
CUT TO: Close-up of computer screen showing code.
NARRATOR (V.O.)
In today's tutorial, we'll cover...
Shot List Template
#
Scene
Shot Type
Description
Duration
Notes
1
Intro
Wide
Office establishing
3s
Natural lighting
2
Intro
Close-up
Subject face
5s
Eye contact
3
Demo
Screen capture
Code editor
30s
1080p60
Storyboard Elements
Copy ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ [Rough sketch] │
│ │
│ ┌───┐ │
│ │ O │ ←Subject │
│ └─┬─┘ │
│ │ │
├─────────────────────────┤
│ Shot: Medium close-up │
│ Action: Subject speaks │
│ Audio: Dialogue + music │
│ Duration: 5 seconds │
│ Notes: Eye-level angle │
└─────────────────────────┘
Camera Fundamentals
Shot Types
Copy FRAMING:
┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
│ │ │ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌─────┐ │
│ ┌───┐ │ │ │ O │ │ │ │ O │ │
│ │ O │ │ │ └─┬─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ └─┬─┘ │ │ ─┼─ │ │ └──┬──┘ │
│ ──┼── │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ /│\ │ │ / \ │ └─────────────┘
│ / │ \ │ │ / \ │
│ / │ \ │ └─────────────┘ CLOSE-UP (CU)
│ / │ \ │
└─────────────┘ MEDIUM (MS)
WIDE/FULL (WS)
EXTREME CLOSE-UP (ECU): Eyes, details only
MEDIUM CLOSE-UP (MCU): Head and shoulders
OVER-THE-SHOULDER (OTS): Person from behind another
TWO-SHOT: Two subjects in frame
Camera Movements
Movement
Description
Effect
Pan
Horizontal rotation
Reveal, follow action
Tilt
Vertical rotation
Reveal height, power
Dolly
Move toward/away
Intimacy, reveal
Truck
Move left/right
Follow alongside
Crane
Vertical elevation
Epic, establishing
Zoom
Focal length change
Focus attention
Handheld
Natural movement
Documentary feel
Steadicam
Smooth handheld
Following shots
The Exposure Triangle
Copy EXPOSURE
│
┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
│ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐
│ ISO │ │Aperture │ │ Shutter │
│ 100-12800│ │ f/1.4-22│ │ 1/30- │
│ │ │ │ │ 1/8000 │
└────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘
│ │ │
Sensitivity Depth of Motion
(noise) Field blur
Video Settings
Setting
Standard
Notes
Resolution
1080p, 4K
Match delivery target
Frame Rate
24, 30, 60 fps
24=film, 30=TV, 60=smooth
Shutter Speed
1/2x frame rate
180° rule (1/48 for 24fps)
ISO
As low as possible
Higher = more noise
Bit Rate
50-400 Mbps
Higher = better quality
Codec
H.264, H.265, ProRes
ProRes for editing
Lighting
Three-Point Lighting
Copy KEY LIGHT
│
│ (45° angle)
│
▼
┌────────────────────────┐
│ │
FILL │ 👤 │ BACK LIGHT
LIGHT│ Subject │ (rim/hair)
│ │
└────────────────────────┘
│
│
CAMERA
Light
Purpose
Intensity
Key
Main illumination
100% reference
Fill
Soften shadows
50-75% of key
Back
Separation from BG
Variable
Lighting Styles
Style
Key:Fill Ratio
Mood
High key
1:1 to 2:1
Bright, optimistic
Medium
3:1 to 4:1
Natural, neutral
Low key
8:1+
Dramatic, moody
Color Temperature
Copy Kelvin Scale:
1800K ████████░░░░░░░░ Candlelight (warm)
2700K ██████████░░░░░░ Tungsten bulb
3200K ███████████░░░░░ Halogen
4000K ████████████░░░░ Moonlight
5600K ██████████████░░ Daylight (neutral)
6500K ███████████████░ Overcast
10000K ████████████████ Blue sky (cool)
Audio
Recording Guidelines
Element
Target Level
Notes
Dialogue
-12 to -6 dB
Peak at -6 dB max
Music
-18 to -12 dB
Under dialogue
SFX
Variable
Support the story
Noise floor
Below -60 dB
Record room tone
Microphone Types
Type
Best For
Pattern
Lavalier
Interviews, dialogue
Omnidirectional
Shotgun
Film, documentary
Super-cardioid
Condenser
Voiceover, studio
Cardioid
Dynamic
Loud sources
Cardioid
Audio Checklist
Post-Production
Editing Workflow
Copy 1. INGEST
└─→ Import footage, create proxies if needed
2. ORGANIZE
└─→ Label clips, create bins/folders, log selects
3. ROUGH CUT
└─→ Assemble story structure, timing
4. FINE CUT
└─→ Tighten edits, pacing refinement
5. PICTURE LOCK
└─→ No more timeline changes
6. COLOR
└─→ Correction, grading, look development
7. AUDIO MIX
└─→ Levels, EQ, compression, spatial
8. TITLES/GFX
└─→ Lower thirds, motion graphics
9. EXPORT
└─→ Final render, quality check
Editing Software
Software
Best For
Platform
DaVinci Resolve
Color grading, full edit
All (Free tier)
Adobe Premiere
Industry standard
All
Final Cut Pro
Mac ecosystem
macOS
Avid Media Composer
Broadcast, film
All
iMovie
Beginners
macOS/iOS
CapCut
Social media
Mobile/Desktop
Essential Cuts
Cut
Description
Use
Hard cut
Instant transition
Standard, dialogue
J-cut
Audio leads video
Natural dialogue flow
L-cut
Video leads audio
Reaction shots
Jump cut
Same angle, time skip
Pacing, style
Match cut
Visual similarity
Transitions, meaning
Cutaway
Insert shot
Context, time compression
Color
Color Workflow
Copy 1. CORRECTION (Primary)
- Fix exposure, white balance
- Balance shots in scene
- Create neutral baseline
2. MATCHING
- Match shots within scenes
- Consistent skin tones
- Scene-to-scene continuity
3. GRADING (Secondary)
- Creative look development
- Selective adjustments
- Style application
Color Scopes
Scope
Shows
Use
Waveform
Luminance levels
Exposure, contrast
Vectorscope
Hue, saturation
Skin tones, color cast
Histogram
Tonal distribution
Clipping, balance
Parade
RGB channels separate
Color balance
LUTs (Look-Up Tables)
Copy Types:
- Technical LUT: Log to Rec.709 conversion
- Creative LUT: Stylistic look (film emulation)
- Calibration LUT: Monitor/display correction
Application Order:
1. Input LUT (log conversion)
2. Primary correction
3. Secondary grading
4. Creative LUT
5. Output LUT (delivery spec)
Motion Graphics
Animation Principles
Principle
Application
Easing
Smooth starts/stops (ease in/out)
Anticipation
Setup before action
Follow-through
Motion continues after stop
Secondary action
Supporting movements
Timing
Speed conveys weight/mood
Staging
Clear presentation
Common Motion Patterns
css Copy /* Easing functions */
ease-in: slow → fast
ease-out: fast → slow
ease-in-out: slow → fast → slow
linear: constant speed
/* Standard durations */
Quick: 150-200ms (micro-interactions)
Normal: 300-400ms (standard transitions)
Slow: 500-800ms (emphasis, reveals)
Title Safe Zones
Copy ┌────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌──────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ ┌────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ TITLE SAFE │ │ │
│ │ │ (80%) │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ ACTION SAFE │ │
│ │ (90%) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────┘ │
│ FULL FRAME (100%) │
└────────────────────────────────┘
Export & Delivery
Platform Specifications
Platform
Resolution
Frame Rate
Format
YouTube
1080p/4K
24-60 fps
H.264/H.265
Instagram Feed
1080×1080
30 fps
H.264
Instagram Reels
1080×1920
30 fps
H.264
TikTok
1080×1920
30 fps
H.264
Twitter
1280×720+
30-60 fps
H.264
LinkedIn
1920×1080
30 fps
H.264
Broadcast
1080i/p
29.97/25 fps
ProRes/DNxHD
Export Settings (H.264)
Copy Web Delivery:
- Codec: H.264
- Container: MP4
- Bitrate: 10-20 Mbps (1080p), 35-68 Mbps (4K)
- Audio: AAC, 320 kbps
- Sample rate: 48 kHz
Archive/Master:
- Codec: ProRes 422 or DNxHD
- Container: MOV
- Audio: Uncompressed PCM
Best Practices
DO:
Plan before you shoot
Record more footage than needed
Use manual focus when possible
Monitor audio with headphones
Shoot for the edit
Keep organized project files
Back up everything (3-2-1 rule)
Color correct before grading
DON'T:
Overuse transitions
Rely on "fix it in post"
Forget b-roll coverage
Ignore audio quality
Over-sharpen in post
Export at wrong aspect ratio
Skip the rough cut phase
Delete original footage
Quality Checklist
Pre-Export
Final Review