// BEFORE: Hard to test
res_t process_config(const char *path) {
    char *content = read_file(path);
    // ... parsing logic ...
}

// AFTER: Pure logic extracted
res_t parse_config(const char *content, config_t *out);  // Testable
res_t load_config(const char *path, config_t *out) {     // Thin wrapper
    char *content = read_file(path);
    return parse_config(content, out);
}

// BEFORE: Fake error path (untestable)
res_t init_defaults(config_t *c) {
    c->timeout = 30;
    return OK_RES;
}

// AFTER: Honest signature
void init_defaults(config_t *c) {
    c->timeout = 30;
}

// BEFORE: 3 lines, 2 exclusions
result_t res = allocate_something();
if (is_err(&res)) {                // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    return res;                     // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
}

// AFTER: 1 line, 1 exclusion
result_t res = allocate_something();
if (is_err(&res)) PANIC("allocation failed"); // LCOV_EXCL_BR_LINE

// BEFORE: Unreachable else
if (condition_always_true) {
    handle();
} else {
    return ERR(...);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
}

// AFTER: Assert invariant
if (condition_always_true) {
    handle();
} else {
    PANIC("Invariant violated");  // LCOV_EXCL_BR_LINE
}

// BEFORE: Deep nesting
if (a) {
    if (b) {
        if (c) { /* action */ }
    }
}

// AFTER: Early returns
if (!a) return;
if (!b) return;
if (!c) return;
// action

// BEFORE: Hardcoded, can't test timeout
void wait_for_response(void) {
    sleep(30);
}

// AFTER: Testable
void wait_for_response(int timeout_sec) {
    sleep(timeout_sec);
}

// BEFORE: Can't test yyjson_doc_get_root returning NULL
yyjson_val *root = yyjson_doc_get_root(doc);
if (!root) return ERR(...);  // "Can't happen"

// AFTER: Wrapper allows mocking
yyjson_val *root = yyjson_doc_get_root_(doc);  // Wrapped
if (!root) return ERR(...);  // Testable with mock