Zustand StoreBuilder Pattern

Purpose

Enforce a standardized, type-safe approach to creating Zustand stores that:

• Separates state definition from actions using the factory pattern
• Integrates immer middleware for convenient immutable updates
• Supports optional persistence with fine-grained control
• Exposes both reactive (useStore hook) and non-reactive (get/set) access
• Maintains consistent patterns across the codebase

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• Creating new Zustand stores for state management
• User requests state management solutions in a React application
• Implementing stores for any feature requiring client-side state

Required Pattern

All Zustand stores MUST use the StoreBuilder utility located in assets/storebuilder.ts.

Core Implementation Steps

1. Copy the StoreBuilder utility (if not already in the project)

   • Source: skills/superpower-zustand/assets/storebuilder.ts
   • Destination: src/lib/storebuilder.ts (or similar location in the project)

2. Define state type separately from actions

   • Create a type for the full store (state + actions)
   • Use Omit to exclude action methods when passing to StoreBuilder

3. Initialize the store with StoreBuilder

   • Pass initial state as first argument
   • Optionally pass PersistConfig as second argument for persistence

4. Separate actions using createFactory

   • Define all actions as methods in the createFactory argument
   • Actions access set from the StoreBuilder closure
   • Use immer-style mutations within set callbacks

5. Export the factory-created hook

   • The hook returned by createFactory combines state, actions, and store utilities

Required Code Structure

import { StoreBuilder } from './storebuilder';

// 1. Define complete state type
type MyStoreState = {
  // State fields
  value: number;
  items: string[];

  // Action methods
  setValue: (v: number) => void;
  addItem: (item: string) => void;
};

// 2. Initialize StoreBuilder with state only (Omit actions)
const { set, createFactory } = StoreBuilder<Omit<MyStoreState, 'setValue' | 'addItem'>>(
  {
    value: 0,
    items: [],
  },
  // Optional: persistence config
  // {
  //   name: 'my-store',
  //   version: 1,
  // }
);

// 3. Create factory with actions
const useMyStore = createFactory({
  setValue: (v: number) => set((state) => { state.value = v; }),
  addItem: (item: string) => set((state) => { state.items.push(item); }),
});

// 4. Export the hook
export { useMyStore };

State Updates with Immer

When using set, write mutations directly on the draft state (immer middleware is included):

// ✅ Correct: Mutate draft
set((state) => {
  state.count += 1;
  state.items.push(newItem);
  state.nested.property = 'value';
});

// ❌ Incorrect: Don't return new object
set((state) => ({ ...state, count: state.count + 1 }));

Persistence Configuration

When state should persist across sessions:

const { createFactory } = StoreBuilder(
  initialState,
  {
    name: 'storage-key',           // Required: localStorage key
    version: 1,                     // Optional: for migration handling
    storage: sessionStorage,        // Optional: defaults to localStorage
    partialize: (state) => ({       // Optional: persist only specific fields
      theme: state.theme,
      preferences: state.preferences,
    }),
  }
);

Reference Documentation

For detailed examples and advanced patterns, read references/pattern-guide.md:

• Basic usage examples
• Persistence patterns
• Complex stores with async actions
• Using get/set outside React components
• Type safety patterns

Load the reference documentation when:

• Implementing complex stores with async operations
• Needing examples of persistence configuration
• User asks about advanced Zustand patterns
• Unsure about specific implementation details

Verification

After creating a store, verify:

1. ✅ StoreBuilder utility is imported from project location
2. ✅ State type uses Omit to exclude actions
3. ✅ All actions are defined in createFactory, not in initial state
4. ✅ State updates use immer-style mutations (mutate draft, don't return new object)
5. ✅ Exported hook name follows convention (e.g., useMyStore)
6. ✅ Persistence config is included if state should persist

Non-React Usage

The pattern supports non-reactive access outside React components:

const { get, set, subscribe } = StoreBuilder(initialState);

// Get current state
const current = get();

// Update state
set((state) => { state.value = 10; });

// Subscribe to changes
const unsubscribe = subscribe((state) => console.log(state));

Use get and set when:

• Accessing state in utility functions
• Implementing middleware or side effects
• Working outside React component lifecycle