@Entity
@Table(name = "products")
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @NotBlank
    private String name;

    @DecimalMin("0.0")
    private BigDecimal price;

    // getters / setters or use @Data (Lombok)
}

public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
    List<Product> findByNameContainingIgnoreCase(String name);
}

@Service
public class ProductService {
    private final ProductRepository repo;

    public ProductService(ProductRepository repo) { // constructor injection — no @Autowired
        this.repo = repo;
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<Product> search(String name) {
        return repo.findByNameContainingIgnoreCase(name);
    }

    @Transactional
    public Product create(ProductRequest request) {
        var product = new Product();
        product.setName(request.name());
        product.setPrice(request.price());
        return repo.save(product);
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/products")
@Validated
public class ProductController {
    private final ProductService service;

    public ProductController(ProductService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Product> search(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "") String name) {
        return service.search(name);
    }

    @PostMapping
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
    public Product create(@Valid @RequestBody ProductRequest request) {
        return service.create(request);
    }
}

public record ProductRequest(
    @NotBlank String name,
    @DecimalMin("0.0") BigDecimal price
) {}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    public Map<String, String> handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        return ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(FieldError::getField, FieldError::getDefaultMessage));
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(EntityNotFoundException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
    public Map<String, String> handleNotFound(EntityNotFoundException ex) {
        return Map.of("error", ex.getMessage());
    }
}

@WebMvcTest(ProductController.class)
class ProductControllerTest {
    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
    @MockBean ProductService service;

    @Test
    void createProduct_validRequest_returns201() throws Exception {
        var product = new Product(); product.setName("Widget"); product.setPrice(BigDecimal.TEN);
        when(service.create(any())).thenReturn(product);

        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/products")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content("""{"name":"Widget","price":10.0}"""))
            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Widget"));
    }
}