Skill: Semi-Trusted Role Analysis

Type: Thought-template (instantiate before use) Research basis: Insider threat modeling, keeper/bot abuse vectors

Trigger Patterns

onlyBot|onlyOperator|onlyKeeper|BOT_ROLE|OPERATOR_ROLE|KEEPER_ROLE|
hasRole.*BOT|hasRole.*OPERATOR|hasRole.*KEEPER|automated|keeper

Reasoning Template

Step 1: Inventory Role Permissions

• In {CONTRACTS}, find all functions callable by {ROLE_NAME}
• For each function at {ROLE_FUNCTIONS}:
  • What state does it modify?
  • What external calls does it make?
  • What parameters does it accept?

Step 2: Analyze Within-Scope Abuse

For each permitted action, ask:

Timing Abuse:

• Can {ROLE_NAME} execute at harmful times? (front-run users, during rebalance)
• Can {ROLE_NAME} delay execution to harm users?

Parameter Abuse:

• Can {ROLE_NAME} pass harmful parameters? (max slippage, wrong recipient)
• Are parameters validated, or trusted implicitly?

Sequence Abuse:

• Can {ROLE_NAME} execute operations out of order?
• Can {ROLE_NAME} skip required operations?

Omission Abuse:

• Can {ROLE_NAME} harm users by NOT acting? (skip sync, delay distribution)

Step 3: Model Attack Scenarios

Scenario A: Timing Attack
1. {ROLE_NAME} monitors mempool for user transaction {USER_ACTION}
2. {ROLE_NAME} front-runs with {ROLE_ACTION}
3. User's transaction executes with worse conditions
4. Impact: {TIMING_IMPACT}

Scenario B: Parameter Attack
1. {ROLE_NAME} calls {ROLE_FUNCTION} with {MALICIOUS_PARAMS}
2. Parameters are not validated against {EXPECTED_CONSTRAINTS}
3. Impact: {PARAM_IMPACT}

Scenario C: Key Compromise
1. {ROLE_NAME} private key is compromised
2. Attacker can call: {ROLE_FUNCTIONS}
3. Maximum extractable value: {MAX_DAMAGE}
4. Recovery options: {RECOVERY_PATH}

Step 4: Assess Mitigations

• Is there a timelock on {ROLE_NAME} actions?
• Is {ROLE_NAME} a multisig?
• Does a removal/revocation function for {ROLE_NAME} EXIST? If NO -> FINDING: role is irrevocable without contract upgrade/migration. Severity: minimum Medium if role can modify user-facing state.
• Can admin revoke {ROLE_NAME} quickly?
• Are there rate limits or cooldowns?

Key Questions (must answer all)

1. What is the maximum damage if {ROLE_NAME} acts maliciously?
2. What is the maximum damage if {ROLE_NAME} key is compromised?
3. Are there time-sensitive operations where {ROLE_NAME} timing matters?
4. What user funds or protocol state can {ROLE_NAME} affect?

Common False Positives

• View-only operations: If role can only read state, no abuse vector
• Idempotent operations: If calling twice has same effect as once, timing abuse is limited
• User-initiated dependency: If role action requires user to initiate first, front-running may not apply
• Economic alignment: If role is economically aligned (staked collateral), malicious action has cost

Reverse Perspective: User Exploitation of Roles

Critical insight: Don't just analyze how the role can harm users -- analyze how USERS can exploit predictable role behavior.

Step 5: Model User-Side Exploitation

Predictability Analysis:

• Is the role's behavior predictable? (scheduled tasks, triggered by events)
• Can users observe when the role will act?
• Can users front-run or back-run the role's actions?

Scenario D: User Exploits Keeper Timing

1. User observes that {ROLE_NAME} executes {ROLE_ACTION} at predictable times
2. User positions themselves before {ROLE_ACTION} (front-running the keeper)
3. {ROLE_ACTION} executes, changing state
4. User benefits from known state change
5. Impact: {USER_EXPLOIT_IMPACT}

Scenario E: User Griefs Role Preconditions

1. {ROLE_FUNCTION} has precondition: {PRECONDITION}
2. User can manipulate state to violate {PRECONDITION}
3. {ROLE_NAME} calls {ROLE_FUNCTION}, which reverts
4. System enters degraded state (no keeper actions possible)
5. Impact: {GRIEF_IMPACT}

Scenario F: User Forces Suboptimal Role Action

1. {ROLE_NAME} must choose between options based on state
2. User manipulates state to make worst option appear best
3. {ROLE_NAME} (following honest behavior) chooses suboptimal path
4. User profits from forced suboptimal execution
5. Impact: {SUBOPTIMAL_IMPACT}

Scenario G: Same-Chain Rate Staleness via Discrete Updates

1. Protocol's exchange rate only updates when {ROLE_NAME} acts (discrete updates)
2. Between role actions, rate is stale -- does not reflect accumulated value
3. User monitors for {ROLE_NAME} pending transaction
4. User enters at stale rate (favorable), {ROLE_NAME} executes, rate updates
5. User exits at updated rate (or holds appreciating position)
6. Impact: {RATE_ARBIT_IMPACT}

Note: This differs from cross-chain staleness. This applies when the rate is stale ON THE SAME CHAIN because updates only happen on specific role actions (compounding, rebalancing, harvesting), not on every user interaction.

Step 6: Precondition Griefability Check

For each function callable by {ROLE_NAME}:

Generic Rule: Any admin/keeper function precondition that depends on user-manipulable state is potentially griefable.

Step 6b: Admin/Privileged Function Griefability (EXHAUSTIVE)

MANDATORY: Use Slither (list_functions with role modifiers, analyze_modifiers) to enumerate ALL privileged functions. Do NOT rely on manual scanning -- manual scanning misses functions. Validate your count against the Slither output.

Extend griefability analysis beyond the semi-trusted role to ALL admin/privileged functions:

For each function callable by DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE or equivalent:

Enumeration completeness check:

• Slither list_functions count for role-restricted functions: {N}
• Functions analyzed in this table: {M}
• If M < N -> INCOMPLETE -- analyze missing functions before proceeding

Specific checks:

• Can users create state that blocks admin operations? (pending withdrawals blocking migration, non-zero balances blocking entity removal)
• Can users transfer tokens to the protocol that block operations? (unsolicited token transfers creating non-zero balances -- see Rule 11)
• Can users initiate multi-step operations whose in-flight state blocks admin actions?

RULE: If ANY admin function has a user-griefable precondition -> severity >= MEDIUM if it blocks critical protocol operations.

Key Questions

5. Can users predict when {ROLE_NAME} will act?
6. Can users manipulate preconditions to block {ROLE_NAME}?
7. Can users profit by positioning around {ROLE_NAME}'s scheduled actions?
8. What happens if {ROLE_NAME} cannot execute? (system degradation)
9. Can users block admin operations via state manipulation or token transfers?

Instantiation Parameters

{CONTRACTS}           -- Contracts to analyze
{ROLE_NAME}           -- Specific role (BOT_ROLE, OPERATOR, etc.)
{ROLE_FUNCTIONS}      -- Functions this role can call
{USER_ACTION}         -- User action that could be front-run
{ROLE_ACTION}         -- Role action used in attack
{TIMING_IMPACT}       -- Impact of timing attack
{MALICIOUS_PARAMS}    -- Harmful parameter values
{EXPECTED_CONSTRAINTS}-- What params should be validated against
{PARAM_IMPACT}        -- Impact of parameter attack
{MAX_DAMAGE}          -- Maximum extractable value
{RECOVERY_PATH}       -- How to recover from compromise

Output Schema

Step Execution Checklist (MANDATORY)

CRITICAL: You MUST report completion status for ALL steps. Both directions (role->user AND user->role) are equally important.

Cross-Reference Markers

After Step 4 (Assess Mitigations):

• DO NOT STOP HERE -- Steps 5-6 analyze the reverse direction
• IF role has any preconditions depending on user state -> MUST complete Step 6

After Step 5 (User-Side Exploitation):

• Cross-reference with TOKEN_FLOW_TRACING.md for token-related griefing vectors
• IF keeper actions are predictable -> document MEV/front-running vectors

After Step 6 (Precondition Griefability):

• IF any precondition is user-griefable -> severity >= MEDIUM
• Document system degradation if keeper is blocked

Output Format for Step Execution

**Step Execution**: checkmark1,2,3,4,5,6 | (no skips for this skill)

OR if incomplete:

**Step Execution**: checkmark1,2,3,4 | ?5,6(user exploitation not analyzed)
**FLAG**: Incomplete analysis -- requires depth review (missing reverse direction)