Agent skill

rust-type-driven

类型驱动设计专家。处理 newtype, type state, PhantomData, marker trait, builder pattern, 类型状态, 新类型模式, 编译时验证, sealed trait, ZST

View SKILL.md on GitHub Repository
Stars 163
Forks 31

Install this agent skill to your Project

npx add-skill https://github.com/majiayu000/claude-skill-registry/tree/main/skills/data/rust-type-driven

SKILL.md

类型驱动设计

核心问题

如何让编译器在编译期捕获更多错误？

类型设计得好，运行时错误就少。

类型设计模式

Newtype 模式

rust
// ❌ 原始类型容易被混淆
struct UserId(u64);
struct OrderId(u64);

// ✅ 类型安全：无法混用
fn get_user(user_id: UserId) { ... }
fn get_order(order_id: OrderId) { ... }

// 编译器会阻止：
// get_order(user_id);  // 编译错误！

类型状态模式 (Type State)

rust
// 用类型编码状态
struct Disconnected;
struct Connecting;
struct Connected;

struct Connection<State = Disconnected> {
    socket: TcpSocket,
    _state: PhantomData<State>,
}

impl Connection<Disconnected> {
    fn connect(self) -> Connection<Connecting> {
        // ...
        Connection { socket: self.socket, _state: PhantomData }
    }
}

impl Connection<Connected> {
    fn send(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        // 只有 Connected 状态可以发送
    }
}

PhantomData

rust
// 用 PhantomData 标记所有权和方差
struct MyIterator<'a, T> {
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

// 告诉编译器：我们借用了一个 T 的生命周期

让无效状态不可表示

rust
// ❌ 容易创建无效状态
struct User {
    name: String,
    email: Option<String>,  // 可能为空
    age: u32,
}

// ✅ email 不可能为空
struct User {
    name: String,
    email: Email,  // 类型保证有效
    age: u32,
}

struct Email(String);

impl Email {
    fn new(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
        if s.contains('@') {
            Some(Email(s.to_string()))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

Builder 模式

rust
struct ConfigBuilder {
    host: String,
    port: u16,
    timeout: u64,
    retries: u32,
}

impl ConfigBuilder {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            host: "localhost".to_string(),
            port: 8080,
            timeout: 30,
            retries: 3,
        }
    }

    fn host(mut self, host: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        self.host = host.into();
        self
    }

    fn port(mut self, port: u16) -> Self {
        self.port = port;
        self
    }

    fn build(self) -> Config {
        // 可以在这里做最终验证
        Config {
            host: self.host,
            port: self.port,
        }
    }
}

Marker Trait

rust
// 用 marker trait 标记能力
trait Sendable: Send + 'static {}

// 或用 marker 做类型约束
struct Cache<T: Cacheable> {
    data: T,
}

trait Cacheable: Send + Sync {}

Zero-Sized Types (ZST)

rust
// 用 ZST 做标记
struct DebugOnly;
struct Always;

// 只在 debug 模式执行的代码
struct DebugLogger<Mode = Always> {
    _marker: PhantomData<Mode>,
}

impl DebugLogger<DebugOnly> {
    fn log(&self, msg: &str) {
        println!("[DEBUG] {}", msg);
    }
}

常见反模式

反模式 问题 改进
is_valid 标志 运行时检查 用类型编码状态
大量 Option 可能为空 重新设计类型
原始类型 everywhere 类型混淆 Newtype
验证在运行时 延迟错误发现 构造函数验证
布尔参数 含义不清 用枚举或 builder

验证时机

验证类型 最佳时机 示例
范围验证 构造时 Email::new() 返回 Option
状态转换 类型边界 Connection<Connected>
引用有效性 生命周期 &'a T
线程安全 Send + Sync 编译器检查

Recommended Agent Skills

Expand your agent's capabilities with these related and highly-rated skills.

majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-spec

Manage specification documents in .agent/specs/. Use when user provides requirements, acceptance criteria, or feature descriptions that need to be tracked and validated against implementation.

163 31
Explore
majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-state

Maintain .agent state files. Use at session start, after meaningful steps, and before concluding: read/update constitution/memory/focus/issues/baseline consistently.

163 31
Explore
majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-spec

Manage specification documents in .agent/specs/. Use when user provides requirements, acceptance criteria, or feature descriptions that need to be tracked and validated against implementation.

163 31
Explore
majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-testing

Test strategy, execution, and coverage analysis. Use when designing tests, running test suites, or analyzing test results beyond baseline checks.

163 31
Explore
majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-testing

Test strategy, execution, and coverage analysis. Use when designing tests, running test suites, or analyzing test results beyond baseline checks.

163 31
Explore
majiayu000/claude-skill-registry

agent-ops-state

Maintain .agent state files. Use at session start, after meaningful steps, and before concluding: read/update constitution/memory/focus/issues/baseline consistently.

163 31
Explore

Didn't find tool you were looking for?

Be as detailed as possible for better results