Agent skill
rust-ecosystem
Rust 生态专家。处理 crate 选择、库推荐、框架对比、async runtime 选择、序列化库、web 框架等。触发词：crate, library, framework, ecosystem, async runtime, tokio, async-std, serde, reqwest, axum, 库, 框架, 生态
Install this agent skill to your Project
npx add-skill https://github.com/majiayu000/claude-skill-registry/tree/main/skills/other/rust-ecosystem-huiali-rust-skills
SKILL.md
Rust 生态
核心问题
用什么 crate 解决当前问题？
选择正确的库是高效 Rust 开发的关键。
异步 Runtime
| Runtime | 特点 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| tokio | 最流行、功能全 | 通用异步应用 |
| async-std | 类似 std API | 偏好 std 风格 |
| actix | 高性能 | 高性能 Web 服务 |
| async-executors | 统一接口 | 需要切换 runtime |
# Web 服务
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
axum = "0.7"
# 轻量级
async-std = "1"
Web 框架
| 框架 | 特点 | 性能 |
|---|---|---|
| axum | Tower 中间件、类型安全 | 高 |
| actix-web | 最高性能 | 最高 |
| rocket | 开发者友好 | 中 |
| warp | 组合式、Filter | 高 |
序列化
| 库 | 特点 | 性能 |
|---|---|---|
| serde | 标准选择 | 高 |
| bincode | 二进制、紧凑 | 最高 |
| ** postcard** | 无 std、嵌入式 | 高 |
| ron | 可读性好 | 中 |
use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct User {
id: u64,
name: String,
}
// JSON
let json = serde_json::to_string(&user)?;
// 二进制
let bytes = bincode::serialize(&user)?;
HTTP 客户端
| 库 | 特点 |
|---|---|
| reqwest | 最流行、易用 |
| ureq | 同步、简单 |
| surf | 异步、modern |
// reqwest
let response = reqwest::Client::new()
.post("https://api.example.com")
.json(&payload)
.send()
.await?;
数据库
| 类型 | 库 |
|---|---|
| ORM | sqlx, diesel, sea-orm |
| Raw SQL | sqlx, tokio-postgres |
| NoSQL | mongodb, redis |
| 连接池 | sqlx, deadpool, r2d2 |
并发与并行
| 场景 | 推荐 |
|---|---|
| 数据并行 | rayon |
| 工作窃取 | crossbeam, tokio |
| 通道 | tokio::sync, crossbeam, flume |
| 原子类型 | std::sync::atomic |
错误处理
| 库 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| thiserror | 库错误类型 |
| anyhow | 应用错误传播 |
| snafu | 结构化错误 |
常用工具库
| 场景 | 库 |
|---|---|
| 命令行 | clap (v4), structopt |
| 日志 | tracing, log |
| 配置 | config, dotenvy |
| 测试 | tempfile, rstest |
| 时间 | chrono, time |
Crate 选择原则
- 活跃维护：看 GitHub 活跃度、最近更新
- 下载量：crates.io 下载量参考
- MSRV：最小支持 Rust 版本
- 依赖：依赖数量和安全性
- 文档：完整文档和示例
- License：MIT/Apache2 兼容性
废弃模式 → 推荐
| 废弃 | 推荐 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
lazy_static |
std::sync::OnceLock |
std 内置 |
rand::thread_rng |
rand::rng() |
新 API |
failure |
thiserror + anyhow |
更流行 |
serde_derive |
serde |
统一导入 |
parking_lot::Mutex |
std::sync::Mutex | 足够快，稳定性优先 |
验证 Crate
# 检查安全性
cargo audit
# 检查许可证
cargo deny check
# 检查依赖
cargo tree -i serde
快速参考
| 场景 | 推荐 Crate |
|---|---|
| Web 服务 | axum + tokio + sqlx |
| CLI 工具 | clap + anyhow |
| 序列化 | serde + (json/bincode) |
| 并行计算 | rayon |
| 配置管理 | config + dotenvy |
| 日志追踪 | tracing |
| 测试 | tempfile + proptest |
| 日期时间 | chrono |
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