npm test
# ✓ All tests passing

// Before
async createUser(input: CreateUserInput): Promise<User> {
  const email = input.email.toLowerCase().trim();
  if (!email.match(/^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/)) {
    throw new ValidationError('Invalid email');
  }
  // ... more code
}

// After
async createUser(input: CreateUserInput): Promise<User> {
  const email = this.normaliseEmail(input.email);
  this.validateEmail(email);
  // ... more code
}

private normaliseEmail(email: string): string {
  return email.toLowerCase().trim();
}

private validateEmail(email: string): void {
  if (!email.match(/^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/)) {
    throw new ValidationError('Invalid email');
  }
}

// Before
if (name.length > 100) { ... }

// After
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 100;
if (name.length > MAX_NAME_LENGTH) { ... }

// Before
const d = new Date();
const u = await repo.save(data);

// After
const createdAt = new Date();
const savedUser = await userRepository.save(userData);

// Before
if (user !== null && user !== undefined) {
  if (user.active === true) {
    return user;
  }
}
return null;

// After
if (user?.active) {
  return user;
}
return null;

// Before (in multiple methods)
const email = input.email.toLowerCase().trim();

// After (extracted to shared method)
const email = this.normaliseEmail(input.email);

// Before
function createUser(email: string, name: string, role: string, department: string)

// After
function createUser(input: CreateUserInput)

# Watch mode for instant feedback
npm test -- --watch

refactor:
  story_id: "US-001"
  changes:
    - type: "extract_method"
      description: "Extracted email normalisation to separate method"
      files: ["src/services/user.service.ts"]
      rationale: "Reused in multiple places, improves readability"

    - type: "rename"
      description: "Renamed 'u' to 'savedUser' for clarity"
      files: ["src/services/user.service.ts"]
      rationale: "Improves code readability"

    - type: "extract_constant"
      description: "Extracted MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH constant"
      files: ["src/services/user.service.ts", "src/types/constants.ts"]
      rationale: "Removes magic number, centralises configuration"

    - type: "simplify"
      description: "Simplified null check using optional chaining"
      files: ["src/repositories/user.repository.ts"]
      rationale: "Modern syntax, more readable"

  run_result:
    command: "npm test"
    total: 12
    passed: 12
    failed: 0
    status: "green"  # Required - unchanged from implement

  decisions:
    - decision: "Kept validation in service layer"
      rationale: "Consistent with existing pattern; controller stays thin"

  notes: "Minor refactoring only; implementation was already clean"

stories:
  US-001:
    phase: "refactor"
    decisions:
      - phase: "refactor"
        decision: "Extracted email normalisation"
        rationale: "DRY principle, used in 3 places"