Agent skill
e2e-testing
End-to-end testing patterns with Playwright. Use when writing browser automation tests, integration tests, testing user flows, or setting up E2E test suites.
Install this agent skill to your Project
npx add-skill https://github.com/majiayu000/claude-skill-registry/tree/main/skills/other/other/e2e-testing-cohen-liel-hivemind
SKILL.md
End-to-End Testing Patterns (Playwright)
Setup
npm init playwright@latest
npx playwright install # Install browsers
// playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test'
export default defineConfig({
testDir: './tests/e2e',
fullyParallel: true,
retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
use: {
baseURL: 'http://localhost:3000',
trace: 'on-first-retry',
screenshot: 'only-on-failure',
},
projects: [
{ name: 'chromium', use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] } },
{ name: 'firefox', use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] } },
{ name: 'Mobile Safari', use: { ...devices['iPhone 13'] } },
],
webServer: {
command: 'npm run dev',
url: 'http://localhost:3000',
reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI,
},
})
Page Object Model
// tests/e2e/pages/LoginPage.ts
import { Page, Locator } from '@playwright/test'
export class LoginPage {
readonly emailInput: Locator
readonly passwordInput: Locator
readonly submitButton: Locator
readonly errorMessage: Locator
constructor(private page: Page) {
this.emailInput = page.getByLabel('Email')
this.passwordInput = page.getByLabel('Password')
this.submitButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' })
this.errorMessage = page.getByRole('alert')
}
async goto() { await this.page.goto('/login') }
async login(email: string, password: string) {
await this.emailInput.fill(email)
await this.passwordInput.fill(password)
await this.submitButton.click()
}
}
Writing Tests
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
import { LoginPage } from './pages/LoginPage'
test.describe('Authentication', () => {
test('login with valid credentials', async ({ page }) => {
const loginPage = new LoginPage(page)
await loginPage.goto()
await loginPage.login('[email protected]', 'password123')
await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard')
})
test('show error for invalid credentials', async ({ page }) => {
const loginPage = new LoginPage(page)
await loginPage.goto()
await loginPage.login('[email protected]', 'wrong')
await expect(loginPage.errorMessage).toContainText('Invalid credentials')
})
})
Reuse Auth State
// tests/e2e/auth.setup.ts
import { test as setup } from '@playwright/test'
setup('authenticate', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('/login')
await page.fill('[name=email]', '[email protected]')
await page.fill('[name=password]', 'password')
await page.click('[type=submit]')
await page.waitForURL('/dashboard')
await page.context().storageState({ path: 'tests/e2e/.auth/user.json' })
})
// playwright.config.ts — add these projects:
// { name: 'setup', testMatch: '**/auth.setup.ts' },
// { name: 'authenticated', dependencies: ['setup'], use: { storageState: '...' } }
API Mocking
test('displays mocked products', async ({ page }) => {
await page.route('**/api/products', async (route) => {
await route.fulfill({
status: 200,
contentType: 'application/json',
body: JSON.stringify([{ id: '1', name: 'Test Product', price: 99.99 }]),
})
})
await page.goto('/products')
await expect(page.getByText('Test Product')).toBeVisible()
})
Common Assertions
await expect(element).toBeVisible()
await expect(element).toContainText('partial text')
await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard')
await expect(page.getByRole('listitem')).toHaveCount(5)
await expect(input).toHaveValue('hello')
await expect(button).toBeDisabled()
// Wait for network response
const response = await page.waitForResponse('**/api/submit')
expect(response.status()).toBe(200)
Running Tests
npx playwright test # All tests
npx playwright test auth.spec.ts # Specific file
npx playwright test --headed # Show browser
npx playwright test --ui # Interactive UI
npx playwright show-report # HTML report
Rules
- Use Page Object Model — never write raw selectors in test bodies
- Prefer role/label selectors over CSS selectors (more resilient)
- Save auth state with storageState — don't login in every test
- Mock external APIs (payment, email) — test in isolation
- Never use waitForTimeout() — use waitForResponse or waitForSelector
- Run E2E against production build in CI
- E2E for critical paths only — unit test business logic separately
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