// CORRECT - Direct DTO query from database
String jpql = "SELECT new com.divudi.core.data.dto.StockDTO("
    + "s.id, s.itemBatch.item.name, s.itemBatch.item.code, "
    + "s.itemBatch.retailsaleRate, s.stock, "
    + "s.itemBatch.dateOfExpire, s.itemBatch.batchNo) "
    + "FROM Stock s WHERE ...";

// MUST use findLightsByJpql() with cast
List<StockDTO> dtos = (List<StockDTO>) facade.findLightsByJpql(jpql, params, TemporalType.TIMESTAMP);

// WRONG - Never do entity-to-DTO loops
List<Stock> stocks = stockFacade.findByJpql(sql, params);
List<StockDTO> dtos = new ArrayList<>();
for (Stock stock : stocks) { dtos.add(new StockDTO(stock.getField1(), ...)); }

// CORRECT - IDs and names for navigation
public class OpdSaleSummaryDTO {
    private Long categoryId;      // For navigation
    private String categoryName;  // For display
    private Long itemId;          // For navigation
    private String itemName;      // For display
    private Double total;
}

// WRONG - Fails silently if cancelledBill is null
"b.cancelledBill.createdAt"

// CORRECT - Use LEFT JOIN
"FROM Bill b LEFT JOIN b.cancelledBill cb "
// Then use cb.createdAt with COALESCE