npm install -g wrangler

# Login to Cloudflare
wrangler login

# Using C3 (create-cloudflare) - recommended
npm create cloudflare@latest my-worker

# Or create manually
wrangler init my-worker
cd my-worker

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
    const url = new URL(request.url);

    if (url.pathname === "/api/hello") {
      return Response.json({ message: "Hello from Workers!" });
    }

    return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 });
  },
};

interface Env {
  MY_VAR: string;
  MY_KV: KVNamespace;
}

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
    // Access environment variable
    const greeting = env.MY_VAR;

    // Read from KV
    const value = await env.MY_KV.get("my-key");

    return Response.json({ greeting, value });
  },
};

# Start local development server with hot reload
wrangler dev

# Access at http://localhost:8787

# Deploy to workers.dev subdomain
wrangler deploy

# Deploy to custom domain (configure in wrangler.toml)
wrangler deploy

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
    return new Response("Hello!");
  },
};

export default {
  async scheduled(event: ScheduledEvent, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
    // Runs on schedule defined in wrangler.toml
    await env.MY_KV.put("last-run", new Date().toISOString());
  },
};

export default {
  async queue(batch: MessageBatch<any>, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
    for (const message of batch.messages) {
      await processMessage(message.body);
      message.ack();
    }
  },
};

[[kv_namespaces]]
binding = "MY_KV"
id = "your-kv-namespace-id"

// Usage
await env.MY_KV.put("key", "value");
const value = await env.MY_KV.get("key");

[[d1_databases]]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "my-database"
database_id = "your-database-id"

// Usage
const result = await env.DB.prepare(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
).bind(userId).all();

[[r2_buckets]]
binding = "MY_BUCKET"
bucket_name = "my-bucket"

// Usage
await env.MY_BUCKET.put("file.txt", "contents");
const object = await env.MY_BUCKET.get("file.txt");
const text = await object?.text();

[vars]
API_KEY = "development-key"  # pragma: allowlist secret

# Set via CLI (not in wrangler.toml)
wrangler secret put API_KEY

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
    // Run tasks after response is sent
    ctx.waitUntil(
      env.MY_KV.put("request-count", String(Date.now()))
    );

    // Pass through to origin on exception
    ctx.passThroughOnException();

    return new Response("OK");
  },
};

import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";

// Access bindings outside of handlers
const apiClient = new ApiClient({ apiKey: env.API_KEY });

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
    // env is also available here without the parameter
    const data = await env.MY_KV.get("config");
    return Response.json({ data });
  },
};

name = "my-worker"
main = "src/index.ts"
compatibility_date = "2025-09-01"

# Custom domain
routes = [
  { pattern = "api.example.com/*", zone_name = "example.com" }
]

# Or workers.dev subdomain
workers_dev = true

# Environment variables
[vars]
ENVIRONMENT = "production"

# Bindings
[[kv_namespaces]]
binding = "CACHE"
id = "your-kv-id"

[[d1_databases]]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "production-db"
database_id = "your-db-id"

[[r2_buckets]]
binding = "ASSETS"
bucket_name = "my-assets"

# Cron triggers
[triggers]
crons = ["0 0 * * *"]  # Daily at midnight

[env.staging]
vars = { ENVIRONMENT = "staging" }

[env.staging.d1_databases]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "staging-db"
database_id = "staging-db-id"

[env.production]
vars = { ENVIRONMENT = "production" }

[env.production.d1_databases]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "production-db"
database_id = "production-db-id"

# Deploy to staging
wrangler deploy --env staging

# Deploy to production
wrangler deploy --env production

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
    try {
      const url = new URL(request.url);

      if (url.pathname === "/api/users" && request.method === "GET") {
        const users = await env.DB.prepare("SELECT * FROM users").all();
        return Response.json(users.results);
      }

      if (url.pathname === "/api/users" && request.method === "POST") {
        const body = await request.json();
        await env.DB.prepare(
          "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)"
        ).bind(body.name, body.email).run();
        return Response.json({ success: true }, { status: 201 });
      }

      return Response.json({ error: "Not found" }, { status: 404 });
    } catch (error) {
      return Response.json(
        { error: error.message },
        { status: 500 }
      );
    }
  },
};

async function authenticate(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<string | null> {
  const authHeader = request.headers.get("Authorization");
  if (!authHeader?.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
    return null;
  }

  const token = authHeader.substring(7);
  const userId = await env.SESSIONS.get(token);
  return userId;
}

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
    const userId = await authenticate(request, env);

    if (!userId) {
      return Response.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 401 });
    }

    // Proceed with authenticated request
    return Response.json({ userId });
  },
};

const corsHeaders = {
  "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
  "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS",
  "Access-Control-Allow-Headers": "Content-Type, Authorization",
};

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
    if (request.method === "OPTIONS") {
      return new Response(null, { headers: corsHeaders });
    }

    const response = await handleRequest(request);

    // Add CORS headers to response
    Object.entries(corsHeaders).forEach(([key, value]) => {
      response.headers.set(key, value);
    });

    return response;
  },
};

[assets]
directory = "./public"
binding = "ASSETS"

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
    const url = new URL(request.url);

    // API routes
    if (url.pathname.startsWith("/api/")) {
      return handleAPI(request, env);
    }

    // Serve static assets via the ASSETS binding
    return env.ASSETS.fetch(request);
  },
};

import { env, createExecutionContext } from "cloudflare:test";
import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
import worker from "./index";

describe("Worker", () => {
  it("responds with JSON", async () => {
    const request = new Request("http://example.com/api/hello");
    const ctx = createExecutionContext();
    const response = await worker.fetch(request, env, ctx);

    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
    expect(await response.json()).toEqual({ message: "Hello!" });
  });
});

import { Hono } from "hono";

const app = new Hono();

app.get("/", (c) => c.text("Hello!"));
app.get("/api/users/:id", async (c) => {
  const id = c.req.param("id");
  const user = await c.env.DB.prepare(
    "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
  ).bind(id).first();
  return c.json(user);
});

export default app;