Agent skill

audit-support-overview

Sub-skill of audit-support: Overview (+3).

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SKILL.md

Overview (+3)

Overview

SOX Section 404 requires management to assess the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR). This involves:

  1. Scoping: Identify significant accounts and relevant assertions
  2. Risk assessment: Evaluate the risk of material misstatement for each significant account
  3. Control identification: Document the controls that address each risk
  4. Testing: Test the design and operating effectiveness of key controls
  5. Evaluation: Assess whether any deficiencies exist and their severity
  6. Reporting: Document the assessment and any material weaknesses

Scoping Significant Accounts

An account is significant if there is more than a remote likelihood that it could contain a misstatement that is material (individually or in aggregate).

Quantitative factors:

  • Account balance exceeds materiality threshold (typically 3-5% of a key benchmark)
  • Transaction volume is high, increasing the risk of error
  • Account is subject to significant estimates or judgment

Qualitative factors:

  • Account involves complex accounting (revenue recognition, derivatives, pensions)
  • Account is susceptible to fraud (cash, revenue, related-party transactions)
  • Account has had prior misstatements or audit adjustments
  • Account involves significant management judgment or estimates
  • New account or significantly changed process

Relevant Assertions by Account Type

Account Type Key Assertions
Revenue Occurrence, Completeness, Accuracy, Cut-off
Accounts Receivable Existence, Valuation (allowance), Rights
Inventory Existence, Valuation, Completeness
Fixed Assets Existence, Valuation, Completeness, Rights
Accounts Payable Completeness, Accuracy, Existence
Accrued Liabilities Completeness, Valuation, Accuracy
Equity Completeness, Accuracy, Presentation
Financial Close/Reporting Presentation, Accuracy, Completeness

Design Effectiveness vs Operating Effectiveness

Design effectiveness: Is the control properly designed to prevent or detect a material misstatement in the relevant assertion?

  • Evaluated through walkthroughs (trace a transaction end-to-end through the process)
  • Confirm the control is placed at the right point in the process
  • Confirm the control addresses the identified risk
  • Performed at least annually, or when processes change

Operating effectiveness: Did the control actually operate as designed throughout the testing period?

  • Evaluated through testing (inspection, observation, re-performance, inquiry)
  • Requires sufficient sample sizes to support a conclusion
  • Must cover the full period of reliance

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