ArkTS Coding Standards

This skill provides guidelines and validation for writing correct ArkTS code, focusing on strict typing and performance optimizations required for HarmonyOS development.

❌ Illegal / Discouraged Practices

The following patterns are forbidden or highly discouraged in ArkTS:

1. Any/Unknown Types:

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   let x: any = 1; // ❌ Not allowed: `any` and `unknown` are forbidden.
   

2. Object Literal Types:

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   type Inline = { value: number }; // ❌ Don't declare object-literal-based types.
   

3. Fresh Object Literals (Untyped):

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   const bad: Inline = { value: 1 }; // ❌ Fresh object literal without declared class/interface instance.
   

4. Runtime Shape Changes:

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   bad.newProp = "later"; // ❌ Changing object shape (adding properties) at runtime is forbidden.
   

5. Implicit Object Shapes:

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   const obj = {
     value: 1,
     double() {
       return this.value + this.value; // ❌ `this` in a non-method context is disallowed.
     }
   }; // ❌ Even with an object literal, it must match an explicit class/interface.
   

6. Type Mismatches:

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   bad.value = "7"; // ❌ Assigning string to a number-typed field fails.
   

7. Implicit Coercion:

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   console.info(String(+bad.value)); // ❌ Unary `+` on a string for coercion is not permitted.
   

✅ Correct Practices

Use explicit types, classes, and safe conversions:

1. Explicit Numeric Parsing:

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   const s: string = "7";
   // Use explicit parsing methods instead of unary +
   const n: number = Number.parseInt(s); 
   

2. Classes and Interfaces: Always define explicit classes or interfaces for your data structures.

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   class Doubler {
     value: number;
     constructor(value: number) {
       this.value = value;
     }
   }
   
   let obj = new Doubler(n);
   

Summary of Rules

• Static Typing: ArkTS is statically typed. Avoid dynamic features like any.
• Fixed Layout: Object layout is fixed at compile time. You cannot add/remove properties at runtime.
• Explicit Types: Define types explicitly using class or interface. Avoid anonymous object types.
• Strict Safety: No implicit type coercion. Use standard library functions (e.g., Number.parseInt) for conversions.